生物素补饲量对泌乳中国荷斯坦牛生产性能及肢蹄健康的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2014.08.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本试验旨在研究生物素对泌乳中国荷斯坦牛生产性能和肢蹄健康的影响。选择60头健康无病，体重和产奶量相近的泌乳奶牛，其中泌乳早期奶牛45头（泌乳天数DIM(67.4±35.5) d），泌乳中期奶牛15头（DIM(167.6±27.5) d），按泌乳期随机分为4组，每组15头。试验处理为分别在饲喂基础日粮的基础上，补饲10、20、30或40 mg•d^-1生物素。试验期300 d，每75 d测定1次蹄壳硬度和肢蹄评分，共4次。在试验的第60天记录产奶量和乳成分，测定相关血液指标，观察生物素补饲量对奶牛泌乳的影响。试验结果表明：（1）补饲生物素降低乳蛋白含量，20、30、40 mg•d^-1补饲组显著低于10 mg•d^-1补饲组（P<0.05），但乳蛋白产量的组间差异不显著（P> 0.05）；（2）补饲生物素可提高血浆生物素和葡萄糖浓度，20、30、40 mg•d^-1补饲组的血浆生物素浓度显著高于10 mg•d^-1补饲组（P<0.01），20、30、40 mg•d^-1补饲组间的血浆生物素浓度差异不显著（P>0.05）；20、40 mg•d^-1补饲组的血糖浓度高于10 mg•d^-1补饲组（P<0.05），30 mg•d^-1补饲组的血糖浓度数值上高于10 mg•d^-1补饲组，但差异不显著（P>0.05），20、30、40 mg•d^-1补饲组间的血糖浓度差异不显著（P>0.05）；（3）补饲生物素提高蹄壳的硬度，前2次测定（第75、150 天）的组间差异不显著（P>0.05）；后2次测定，20、30、40 mg•d^-1补饲组的蹄壳硬度数值均高于10 mg•d^-1补饲组，但3组间的差异不显著（P> 0.05），其中，第225天测定时20、30 mg•d^-1补饲组显著高于10 mg•d^-1补饲组（P<0.05），第300天测定时20 mg•d^-1补饲组显著高于10 mg•d^-1补饲组（P<0.05）；（4）用4次蹄壳硬度和肢蹄评分测定结果计算了蹄壳硬度与肢蹄评分的表型相关，结果表明4次测定的肢蹄评分与蹄壳硬度之间均存在显著的负相关（P<0.05），相关系数随试验期的延长有下降趋势，说明随着生物素补饲时间的延长，蹄壳硬度对肢蹄评分的影响减小，其他因素的重要性增加。综上所述，泌乳奶牛补饲生物素可以提高蹄壳硬度，改善肢蹄健康状况，推荐补饲量为20 mg•d^-1。

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of biotin on the performance and hoof health of Chinese Holsein lactating cows.Sixty healthy Holstein cows (45 cows with lactation days in (67.4±35.5) d and 15 with lactation days in (167.6±27.5) d) in similar weight and milk yield were assigned randomly to four groups with 15 cows per group according to the lactating period of block experimental design.The cows in 4 groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 10 (group A),20 (group B),30 (group C) and 40 mg•d^-1(group D) biotin，respectively.The test sustained 300 d，the coffin hardness and limb hoof score were detected every 75 d.Milk yield and milk copmposition were recored，blood indexes were detected，and the effect of biotin supplementary levels on lactating of cows was investigated on the 60th day of the test.The results shown that：1) Milk protein percentage decreased by supplementing botin and milk protein percentage in group A，B，C and D were 3.64%，3.26%，3.14% and 3.27%，respectively.Milk protein percentage in group A was significantly higher than that in the other biotin supplement groups (P<0.05)，but there were not significant difference in milk protein yield among groups;2) The plasma biotin and glucose concentrations increased by supplementing biotin.The plasma biotin concentration in supplementing 20,30 and 40 mg•d^-1 biotin groups were significantly higher than that in supplementing 10 mg•d^-1 biotin group (P＜0.01)，and the plasma glucose concentration in group B and D were 3.40 and 3.28 mmol•L^-1，which increased significantly(P<0.05)，there were no significant difference among group B,C and D in plasma glucose concentration; 3) Supplementing biotin enhanced the coffin hardness.For the coffin hardness determined at 75th and 105th day，there were significant difference among different groups(P>0.05)，the coffin hardness determined at 225th and 300th day in group B,C and D were higher than that in group A，but there were no significant difference among group B,C，D.The coffin hardness at 225th day in group B and C were significant higher than that in group A(P<0.05)，at 300th day in group B was significant higher than that in group A(P<0.05); 4) Status of limb hoof was negatively closely related to the coffin hardness(P<0.05)，and the correlation coefficient decreased with the experiment，which indicated that the effect of biotin decreased with supplementing.These results indicate that dietary biotin supplement can enhance the coffin hardness and improve the limb hoof health，the optimum biotin supplement level is 20 mg•d^-1.

中图分类号:

S823
S815.4

张鹏，林雪彦,苏鹏程，王云，侯秋玲，王中华. 生物素补饲量对泌乳中国荷斯坦牛生产性能及肢蹄健康的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2014, 45(8): 1288-1294.

ZHANG Peng，LIN Xue-yan，SU Peng-cheng，WANG Yun，HOU Qiu-ling，WANG Zhong-hua. Effects of Dietary Biotin Supplement on Performance and Limb Hoof Health in Chinese Holstein Lactating Dairy Cows[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2014, 45(8): 1288-1294.

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